Horse Feed Scoops
Horse Feed Scoops
Clinical Research Laboratory Gram-mold poisoning in a herd of mules in Bajura district of Nepal
Clinical Research Laboratory grams poisoning mold in a herd of mules in Bajura district of Nepal.
Dr. Kedar Karki Senior Veterinary Tripureswor Central Veterinary Laboratory.
Narayan Mandal Development Officer Livestock Dr.Ram DSLO Bajura Nepal
Abstract:
A clinical syndrome epidemiological sudden death due to 22 mules from a herd of 1,400 dead in November 2009 in 0ctober Bajura district of Nepal. These animals were used for the good work transport in the mountainous region of Nepal. In overcoming these animals were fed only healthy grame.Normally all animals began to die suddenly. Initially suspected acute bacterial disease and treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and vaccinated with bacterial population vaccine.On close observation in revealed the animal feed grains fed to these animals during the rainy season was found 55-60% moldy in appearance. In congestion Postmortem examination acute severe bleeding in the liver, lungs, heart, spleen and intestinal mucosa were found. Although lesions in the cerebral cortex has been found, or multifocal areas of hemorrhage and necrosis, the presence of cavitation important liquefaction necrosis histopathology of tissue from these organs revealed infiltration of mononuclear cells in tissue indicative of chronic nature of the mind condition.Continous use 55-60% moldy grain (g) was used for food. Laboratory analysis of samples of grain, it was found that contains 22.00000 to 83.00000 CFU / g of Penicillium spp of. When remaining herd still using same feed treated with toxin binding loquor Antidegnala (varishta), liver tonic and immunocare hepatocare controlled the mortality may be the sign of the disease syndrome being caused by moldy corn poisoning similar to condition Equine Encephalomalacia.Laboratory results and response to treatment indicates that during the season rain and immediately after the rainy season, food grain storage will be detrimental to the equine species. During this period of care should be taken to feeding grains to this animal if treated with any record of the toxin, and immunomodulater that herbal will reduce the probability of occurrence of this syndrome.
Keyword:
Equinelukoencephalomalcia, gram mold poisoning, hepatocare, Varishta, liquor Antidegnala, immunocare, mule Bajura, Nepal, Penicillium, UFC.
Background:
In Bajura district of western Nepal Extreme Barjugad the month of October-Novembre 2009 1400 pack mules die suddenly looked with symptoms as sweating, tremors and lying on the ground. Less than a month to death mules 5-6 week intervals has been reported that did not respond to antibiotic therapy and other support. After obtaining a careful history and physical examination no injury associated with macroscopic disease is present in the rest of the mule in the herd. it was discovered that the mules were fed cracked and moldy and sets grams of rice were collected from the bags piled up in local stores. The mortality rate in this herd of mules in the same field season was reported in the year 2006 2007 and 2008 the mortality rate recorded as 3, 6, 33 can, but this year a total of 22, the death of the mule was recorded.Post-mortem examination of the death of Mula revealed severe congestion of liver, lung, Speen, heart, fluid in the chest cavity.Haemorrhage serosangqinus in the lining of the stomach. At autopsy, lesions in the cerebral cortex was not multifocal areas of hemorrhage and necrosis, the presence of cavitation blood.Liver necrosis.For large liquefaction bacterial culture, lungs, spleen, heart and brain tissues were collected on ice and for histopathological examination were collected in the same tissues formaline.Blood stool samples for endoparasite examination.Feedgrains: corn, Grame for mycological culture identification was collected.Mules quantitification flocks were treated with 2% 5 ml alcohol Antidegnala S / C, and 2 ml orally for 5 days Varishta toxinbinder 10g/100kg Hepatocare liquid feed grains, immunomodulatory immunocare liquid for 10-15 days such as treatment and prevention of other measure.No mortality in the herd has been reported.
Results and discussion:
Bacteriological culture of tissue sample, blood has not revealed the growth of an examination revealed mixed bacteria.Fecal Strongyels spp.
Penicillium spp on mycological media.22.00000 CFU / g of mold colonies recorded in samples of supply route rice and mold colonies 83.00000CFU/gm gram of food sample was revealed degenerative changes recorded.Histopathological fat cells infiltrating hepatocytes.Mononuclear nodules in the liver of some. perivascular cuffs. The infiltration of mononuclear cells in lung nodules. Deep medullary region reveals infiltration of mononuclear cells in the kidney.
The number of white blood cells appear to be greater in the field splenic white pulp. There were multifocal areas of necrosis liquefaction in the cerebral cortex with infiltration of macrophages. Given that about 55-60 grams% Penicillium spp being fed regularly infestated these sudden death, but acute herd.Intermitent during the rainy season after suggest that deaths due to fungal toxin. Dr. Steve Hooser and Dr. Duane Murphy 2003 reported histopathological changes in lung tissue, liver, brain, kidney center of necrosis with no recognizable structure will be observed in case of poisoning in Horses moldy corn. The transition between the fabric normal and necrotic often bleeding, edema, congestion of blood vessels and neuronophagia. In animals with the hepatotoxic syndrome, livers is swollen and a diffuse yellow-brown. Irregular nodules and pale foci can be seen in the liver parenchyma. Karki 2003 revealed the pathogenicity Fusarium causing congestion of the liver with pulmonary congestion triaditis benign and spleen lymphoid hyperplasia.Further more positive response to treatment with toxinbinder, adaptogen, confirmed immunomdulater even sudden death was due to moldy corn poisoning. continue to monitor the implementation of this research is proposed.
Conclusion
The results of this survey indicates that the feed grains and ingredients moldy are infested with toxic fungus is emerging as a threat to the health of new livestock and use of toxinbinder poultry.Simultonious as adaptogen and livertonic mineralmixture Immunomodulaters drug promises to help minimize production risks the health of livestock and poultry should be studied.
References:
1: moldy corn POISONING HORSES: (Equine Russell leukoencephalomalacia Marcos, PhD, Department of Animal Sciences Don Scott, Ph.D., Department of Botany and Plant Pathology William Hope, DVM, Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department Cooperative Extension Service Purdue University in West Lafayette, 47907, TECHNICAL Boletim N ยบ 15 – http://www.micotoxinas.com.br/ Accessed on 21/12/2009
2: FINAL moldy corn poisoning-DIAGNOSIS (leukoencephalomalacia equine Fumonisin Toxicity) in horses: Dr. Steve Hooser, ADDL Toxicologist Dr. Duane Murphy, ADDL Pathologist Spring 2003 Newsletter http / / www.addl.purdue.edu/newsletters/2003/Spring/finaldx.shtml. Accessed on 21/12/2009
3: Preventing the effects harmful effects of mycotoxins on the health of your horse and feed performance.Mycotoxins horse: By Trevor K. Smith, Ph.D., Pag www.ecmagazine.net/…/mycotoxin2.jpg Accessed on 21/12/2009
4: Moulds and mycotoxins in corn: Jim Stack, Extension Research Institute Division of Plant Agriculture pathologist and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United Kingdom Department of State Agriculture.http: / / cbc.homestead.com / Archives.html Paper on 21/12/2009
6: Varishta: www.varshagroup.com
7: Evaluation of Fusarium graminearum pathogenicity in mice. Kedar B. Karki: PP14, Vetcon 2003, Seventh National Veterinary Conference 2003, Nepal Veterinary Association.
Acknowledgement:
We thank Dr.Damodar Sedai, Chief Veterinary Officer, Manandhar Dr.Salina, Dr.Krishna Raj Panday and all veterinary laboratory technicians Dr.Pragya Koirala for their help in laboratory work and research.
About the Author
Senior Vet.Officer,Central Veterinary Laboratory Kathmandu Nepal M.V.St. Preventive Veterinary Mrdicine
It Horseman Edge 10% sweet feed too much for a horse adult little or no work?
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